The Mekong Delta was likely inhabited long since prehistory; the empires of Funna and Chenla maintained a presence in the Mekong Delta
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Mekong Eco Tours - Mekong Experience - MEKONG DELTA - Cai Rang Floating Market

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The Mekong Delta was likely inhabited long since prehistory; the empires of Funna and Chenla maintained a presence in the Mekong Delta for centuries. Archaeological discoveries at Oc Eo and other Funanese sites show that the area was an important part of the Funan kingdom, bustling with trading ports and canals as early as in the first century AD and extensive human settlement in the region may have gone back as far as the 4th century BC. Angkor Borei is a site in the Mekong Delta that existed between 400 BC-500 AD. This site had extensive maritime trade networks throughout Southeast Asia and with India, and is believed to have possibly been the ancient capital to the Kingdom of Funan
 

Mekong Eco Tours - Mekong Experience - MEKONG DELTA - Cai Rang Floating Market

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Mekong Eco Tours - Mekong Experience - MEKONG DELTA - Cai Rang Floating Market

The Mekong Delta, as a region, lies immediately to the west of HCM (also called Saigon by locals), roughly forming a triangle stretching from My Tho in the east to Chau Doc and Ha Tien in the northwest, down to Ca Mau at the southernmost tip of Vietnam, and including the island of Phu Quoc

The Mekong Delta region of Vietnam displays a variety of physical landscapes, but is dominated by flat flood plains in the south, with a few hills in the north and west. This diversity of terrain was largely the product of tecttonic and folding brought about by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates about 50 million years ago. The soil of the lower Delta consists mainly of sediment from the Mekong and its tributaries, deposited over thousands of years as the river changed its course due to the flatness of the low-lying terrain.
 

Mekong Eco Tours - Mekong Experience - MEKONG DELTA - Cai Rang Floating Market

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The present Mekong Delta system has two major distributary channels, both discharging directly into the....history of the Mekong Delta shows delta progradation of about 200 km during the last 6 kyr. During the Middle Holocene the Mekong River was discharging waters into both the East Sea and the ..... The water entering the Gulf of Thailand was flowing via a palaeochannel located within the western part of the delta; north of the Camau Peninsula. Upper prodeltaic and delta front sediments interpreted as the deposits of the palaeo-Mekong River where reported from central basin^.

The Mekong Delta is the region with the smallest forest area in Vietnam. 300,000 hectares (740,000 acres) or 7.7% of the total area are forested as of 2011. The only provinces with large forests are Ca Mau and Kien Giang province together accounting for two thirds of the region's forest area, while forests cover less than 5% of the area of all of the other eight provinces and cities

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Being a low-lying coastal region, the Mekong Delta is particularly susceptible to floods resulting from rises in sea level due to climate change The Climate Change Research Institute at Can Tho university in studying the possible consequences of climate change, has predicted that, besides suffering from drought brought on by seasonal decrease in rainfall, many provinces in the Mekong Delta will be flooded by the year 2030. The most serious cases are predicted to be the provinces of Ben Tre and Long An, of which 51% and 49%, respectively, are expected to be flooded if sea levels rise by one meter. Another problem caused by climate change is the increasing soil salinity near the coasts. Bến Tre Province is planning to reforest coastal regions to counter this trend. The duration of inundation at an important road in the city of Can Tho is expected to continue to rise from the current total of 72 inundated days per year to 270 days by 2030 and 365 days by 2050. This is attributed to the combined influence of sea-level rise and land subsidence. Several projects and initiatives on local, regional and state levels work to counter this trend and safe the Mekong Delta. One programme for integrated coastal management, for instance, is supported by Germany and Australia

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